Resources / AI Insights
Make sense of AI Agents.
Plain-English takes on what’s new, practical ways to get started, and unfamiliar terms explained simply.
Start here · Beginner guide
New to AI Agents?
Begin with a friendly introduction to what an Agent does and how to work with one.
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A/B Test
An A/B test compares two versions with similar groups of users.
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Acceptance Criteria
Acceptance criteria say what must be true for a piece of work to be accepted.
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Accessibility
Accessibility means making a product usable by people with different abilities and needs.
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Active State
An active state shows the item someone is pressing or currently using.
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Agent Loop
An agent loop is the repeated cycle an AI agent uses to make progress on a task.
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Agent Memory
Agent memory is information an AI agent saves so it can use it again later.
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AI Agent
An AI agent can work toward a goal by choosing steps and using tools.
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AI Application Basics
An AI application combines a model with instructions, information, and sometimes tools.
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AI Hallucination
An AI hallucination is an answer that sounds sure but includes made-up or incorrect details.
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Alert
An alert brings an important message to someone's attention.
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Anchor Link
An anchor link jumps to a named spot on the same page.
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Animation
Animation changes an item's appearance over time to show movement or change.
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API Key
An API key is a secret code an app uses to access an online service.
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API Proxy
An API proxy passes requests between an app and another service.
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API
An API is a set of agreed ways for software to ask other software for help.
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App Icon
An app icon is the picture people use to recognize and open an app.
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Atomicity
Atomicity means a grouped operation happens fully or not at all.
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Audit Log
An audit log records important actions so people can review what happened later.
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Authentication
Authentication checks that someone is who they claim to be.
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Authorization
Authorization decides which actions an identified person is allowed to take.
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Autocomplete
Autocomplete offers possible choices while someone is typing.
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Avatar
An avatar is a small picture or symbol that represents a person or thing.
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Back to Top Button
A back-to-top button quickly returns someone to the top of a long page.
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Backdrop Blur
Backdrop blur softens what is behind a see-through panel.
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Backend Framework
A backend framework gives developers ready-made structure for server-side apps.
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Backend
The backend is the behind-the-scenes part that handles an app's data and work.
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Backpressure
Backpressure asks a faster sender to slow down when a receiver is falling behind.
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Badge
A badge is a small marker that draws attention to a count or status.
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Base URL
A base URL is the starting web address used when an app sends API requests.
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Blue-Green Deployment
Blue-green deployment prepares a new version separately before switching users to it.
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Border Radius
Border radius controls how rounded the corners of a box appear.
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Box Model
The box model describes the space an element and its edges take up on a page.
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Branch
A branch is a separate line of work inside a Git project.
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Breadcrumb
A breadcrumb shows where the current page sits within a site's sections.
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Browser DevTools
Browser DevTools are built-in tools for inspecting and testing a website.
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Browser Storage
Browser storage lets a website save small pieces of information in your browser.
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Build
A build turns a project's source files into a version ready to run or test.
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Button
A button is a control you press to make something happen.
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Cache
A cache is a saved copy kept so information can be found again faster.
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Canary Release
A canary release sends a new version to a small group before a wider release.
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Canonical URL
A canonical URL tells search engines which address is the main version of a page.
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Card Grid Layout
A card grid presents related items in rows and columns of cards.
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Card
A card groups a small amount of related information in one box.
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Carousel
A carousel lets someone move through a set of items one at a time.
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Cascader
A cascader helps someone choose through a set of nested options.
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Continuous Delivery
Continuous delivery keeps changes ready to release after they pass checks.
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CDN
A CDN keeps copies of website files in many places to serve visitors faster.
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Centered Column Layout
A centered column keeps text in a readable area in the middle of the page.
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Centering
Centering places an item around the middle of its available space.
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Chart
A chart turns numbers into a picture that helps people see patterns.
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Chat UI
A chat interface lets people exchange messages with a person or AI through a conversation.
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Checkbox
A checkbox lets someone turn an option on or off.
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Continuous Integration
Continuous integration automatically checks code changes as they are shared.
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Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker pauses calls to a service that is repeatedly failing.
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Clone
Cloning makes a local copy of a shared Git project.
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Collapse
A collapse section hides details until someone chooses to open it.
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Color Picker
A color picker helps someone choose a color.
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Commit
A commit saves a named snapshot of selected project changes in Git.
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Component
A component is a reusable piece of a website, such as a button or card.
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Configuration File
A configuration file stores settings that tell a program how to run.
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Context Engineering
Context engineering is choosing the information an AI needs for a task.
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Contract Testing
Contract testing checks that connected programs keep to an agreed information format.
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Contrast
Contrast is the visible difference between nearby colors or elements.
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Conversation History
Conversation history is the earlier messages an AI app keeps available in a chat.
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Conversion Funnel
A conversion funnel shows how many people continue through steps toward a goal.
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Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of information a website asks a browser to remember.
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Corner Feel
Corner feel is the impression a design creates through the shapes of its corners.
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Coroutine
A coroutine is a task that can pause and later continue from where it stopped.
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CORS
CORS is a browser safety rule that controls which websites may request information from another site.
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CRUD
CRUD names four common actions for working with saved information.
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CSS
CSS controls how webpage content looks and is arranged.
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Call to Action
A call to action invites someone to take the next useful step.
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Cursor
A cursor is the on-screen marker that shows where an action will happen.
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Dark Mode
Dark mode uses a darker background and lighter text for the interface.
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Data Type
A data type tells a program what kind of value a piece of information is.
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Data Validation
Data validation checks that information follows the rules an app expects.
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Database Migration
A database migration is a planned change to how stored information is organized.
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Database Write
A database write changes information that has been saved in a database.
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Database
A database stores information so a program can find and update it.
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Date Picker
A date picker lets someone choose a calendar date.
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Dependency
A dependency is outside software a project relies on to do some of its work.
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Deployment
Deployment is putting a tested app or website where people can use it.
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Descriptions
A descriptions list shows names and their matching details.
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Design Token
A design token is a named value reused for choices like color, spacing, or text size.
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Diff
A diff shows what changed between two versions of files.
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Disabled State
A disabled state shows that a control cannot be used right now.
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Distributed System
A distributed system uses multiple computers that communicate to provide a service.
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Divider
A divider is a visual line or space that separates parts of a page.
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DNS
DNS helps a browser find the server connected to a website's name.
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Documentation Layout
A documentation layout organizes help pages for finding and reading instructions.
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DOM
The DOM is the browser's organized model of the parts on a webpage.
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Domain Name
A domain name is the easy-to-read address people use to reach a website.
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Drag and Drop
Drag and drop lets someone move an item by holding and moving it.
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Drawer
A drawer is a side panel that opens while keeping the current page nearby.
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Dropdown
A dropdown reveals a small set of choices when someone opens it.
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End-to-End Test
An end-to-end test checks a complete user task through the app.
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Easing
Easing controls how an animation speeds up or slows down.
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Empty
An empty state explains why a section has no items yet.
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Enqueue
Enqueue means adding an item to a queue so it can be handled later.
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Entitlement
An entitlement says which features or services an account is allowed to use.
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Environment Variable
An environment variable is a named setting supplied to a running program.
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Event Tracking
Event tracking records actions people take in a website or app, such as clicking or signing up.
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Fade In and Fade Out
A fade makes something gradually appear or disappear.
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FAQ
An FAQ gathers answers to questions people often ask.
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Favicon
A favicon is the small image that identifies a website in browser tabs and bookmarks.
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Feature Flag
A feature flag lets a team turn a feature on or off without removing its code.
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Field
A field is one place for a particular piece of information.
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File
A file is a named collection of information saved on a device or service.
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Filter
A filter narrows a list to items that match chosen conditions.
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Fine-tuning
Fine-tuning adapts a model using examples so it can better handle a particular kind of task.
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Flaky Test
A flaky test sometimes passes and sometimes fails without a code change.
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Flexbox
Flexbox arranges items in a row or column and shares the available space.
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Focus State
A focus state shows which control will respond to keyboard input.
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Footer
A footer is the closing area at the bottom of a page with useful secondary links.
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Form
A form gathers information that someone enters and sends.
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Frontend
The frontend is the part of a website people see and interact with.
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Gantt Chart
A Gantt chart shows tasks as bars along a timeline.
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Git
Git keeps a record of changes made to files in a project.
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.gitignore
.gitignore tells Git which files in a project to leave untracked.
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Gradient
A gradient blends one color smoothly into another.
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CSS Grid
CSS Grid arranges page items in rows and columns.
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Harness Engineering
Harness engineering is building the instructions, tools, and checks around an AI worker.
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Hash
A hash is a short fingerprint calculated from information using a special function.
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Header
A header is the top area of a page or section, often holding its name and navigation.
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Hero Section
A hero section is the prominent opening area at the top of a page.
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Heuristic Evaluation
A heuristic evaluation is a review that checks an interface against usability guidelines.
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Hook
A hook is a small action that runs when a particular event happens.
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Hover State
A hover state is how an item looks while a pointer rests over it.
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HTML
HTML is the basic structure that tells a browser what parts a webpage contains.
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HTTP Methods
HTTP methods tell a server what a request is trying to do, such as read, add, or change information.
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HTTP Status Code
An HTTP status code is a short number that describes the result of a web request.
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HTTP
HTTP is a set of rules browsers and websites use to exchange information.
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HTTPS
HTTPS protects information as it travels between a browser and a website.
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Human-in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop means a person reviews or guides an AI task at important points.
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Icon
An icon is a small picture used to represent an action or idea.
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Idempotency
Idempotency means repeating an operation does not create extra effects after the first time.
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Image
An image is a picture shown on a page to add visual information.
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Import & Export
Import brings information into an app; export saves information out of it.
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Number Input
A number input is a field for entering a quantity or other number.
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Input
An input is a place where someone can enter information.
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Integration Test
An integration test checks whether connected parts of a program work together.
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IP Address
An IP address helps network data find the device or service it is meant to reach.
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JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language that can make web pages interactive.
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JSON
JSON is a tidy text format that software uses to exchange organized information.
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Keyframe
A keyframe marks what an animation should look like at a particular point in time.
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Label
A label tells someone what a field or control is for.
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Lease
A lease gives temporary ownership of a resource or task for a limited time.
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Link
A link takes you to another page, place, or piece of information.
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Lint
Linting checks code for common mistakes and style problems.
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List
A list presents several related items one after another.
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Load Testing
Load testing checks how a service behaves under expected or increased use.
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Lock
A lock temporarily limits access so shared information is not changed at the same time.
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Logo
A logo is a visual mark that helps people recognize a company or product.
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Margin
Margin is the empty space outside an element that separates it from nearby things.
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Markdown
Markdown is a simple way to format text using a few readable symbols.
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Masonry Layout
A masonry layout packs different-height cards into close columns.
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Model Context Protocol
Model Context Protocol is a shared way for AI apps to connect to tools and information.
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Menu
A menu groups choices so people can find a page or action.
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Merge Conflict
A merge conflict happens when Git cannot automatically combine overlapping changes.
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Merge
A merge combines changes from separate branches into one shared line of work.
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Message Consumer
A message consumer is a program that receives and handles messages from a queue.
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Message Queue
A message queue holds tasks or messages until a worker is ready to handle them.
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Modal
A modal window asks someone to focus on a message or decision before continuing.
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Monitoring
Monitoring watches an app over time and reports how it is doing.
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Moodboard
A moodboard collects pictures, colors, and textures to show a design direction.
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Multi-Instance Deployment
A multi-instance deployment runs several copies of an app or service.
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Multimodal AI
Multimodal AI can work with more than one kind of information, such as text and images.
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MVP
An MVP is a small usable version made to test an important idea.
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Navigation Bar
A navigation bar groups links to important parts of a website.
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Next.js
Next.js is a framework for building websites with React.
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Node.js
Node.js lets JavaScript run outside a web browser.
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Not Found Page
A not-found page explains that the requested page cannot be located.
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Notification
A notification lets someone know that something has happened or needs attention.
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npm
npm helps JavaScript projects install and manage shared tools and code.
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OAuth
OAuth lets one app get limited permission to use information from another service without sharing your password with it.
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Object Storage
Object storage keeps files as separate objects, often in a cloud service, so apps can retrieve them later.
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Opacity
Opacity controls how see-through an element looks.
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Open Graph
Open Graph information helps choose how a webpage looks when someone shares it.
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OpenAI-Compatible API
An OpenAI-compatible API follows a request format also used by OpenAI's API.
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Overflow
Overflow is what happens when content does not fit inside its box.
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Padding
Padding is the space inside a box between its content and its edge.
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Page Metadata
Page metadata is extra information that describes a webpage to browsers and other services.
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Pagination
Pagination splits a long set of results into smaller pages.
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Permission Mode
Permission mode controls which actions a tool may take and when it needs approval.
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Persona
A persona is a simple, research-based picture of the kind of person a product is for.
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Placeholder
A placeholder is temporary example text shown inside an empty input.
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Plugin
A plugin is an add-on that gives an existing app extra capabilities.
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Pointer
A pointer is a reference that helps a program find a piece of information.
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Popconfirm
A popconfirm asks for a quick confirmation next to the action.
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Popover
A popover is a small panel of extra information that opens beside an item.
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Port
A port is a numbered doorway a computer uses for a particular kind of connection.
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Position
Position describes where an element sits in relation to the page or nearby elements.
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PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is an open-source database system that stores organized information.
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PRD
A PRD explains what a product or feature should do and why it matters.
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Prefers Reduced Motion
Prefers-reduced-motion lets a website notice when someone asks their device to show less animation.
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Pricing Page
A pricing page explains what a product costs and what each option includes.
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Primary Key
A primary key is a value a database uses to tell one row apart from every other row in its table.
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Process
A process is a running instance of a computer program.
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Product Backlog
A product backlog is an ordered list of possible work for a product team.
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Product Discovery
Product discovery helps a team understand what problem is worth solving.
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Product Roadmap
A product roadmap shows the direction a product may take over time.
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Profile
A profile is a saved set of details or preferences for a person, project, or task.
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Progress Indicator
A progress indicator shows that work is moving toward completion.
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Project Rules
Project rules are instructions that explain how work in a project should be done.
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Prompt Injection
Prompt injection is an attempt to trick an AI into ignoring its instructions.
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Prompt
A prompt is the instruction or information you give an AI for a response.
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Prototype
A prototype is a test version of a product idea, made before committing to the final build.
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Provider
A provider is a company or service that supplies a tool or capability to your app.
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Pull Request
A pull request asks others to review changes before they are combined.
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Pull
Pull gets shared changes and combines them into your current Git branch.
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Push
Push sends your saved Git commits to a shared project copy.
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Python
Python is a programming language known for code that is often easy to read.
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Quality Gate
A quality gate checks whether work meets agreed conditions before moving on.
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Quote
A quote repeats words that someone else said or wrote.
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Race Condition
A race condition happens when the order of overlapping tasks changes the result.
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Radio
A radio choice lets someone pick one option from a small group.
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RAG
RAG lets an AI look up relevant information before it answers.
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Rate Limit
A rate limit caps how many requests a service accepts over a period of time.
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Rate
A rating control lets someone show how much they like or value something.
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ReAct
ReAct is a pattern where an AI alternates between reasoning and taking actions.
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React (JavaScript Library)
React is a JavaScript library for building interactive web interfaces from reusable pieces.
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Reasoning Model
A reasoning model spends more effort working through difficult questions before answering.
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Redirect
A redirect sends someone from an old address to a new one.
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Regex
A regex is a small pattern that helps a computer find or check matching text.
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Regression Test
A regression test checks that an old feature still works after a change.
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Remote Repository
A remote repository is a project copy stored somewhere your computer can connect to.
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Reset & Revert
Reset and revert are two different Git tools for backing out changes.
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TTFT / TPS
TTFT and TPS describe how quickly an AI starts and continues its response.
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Responsive Design
Responsive design lets a website adjust to different screen sizes.
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Result Page
A result page tells someone how a completed action turned out.
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Robots.txt
Robots.txt gives web crawlers instructions about which site areas they may visit.
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Rollback
A rollback returns an app to an earlier version after a bad change.
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Route and Endpoint
A route or endpoint is an address a website uses for a page or service action.
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Sandbox
A sandbox is an isolated place to run software with limits on what it can access.
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Scope Creep
Scope creep is when a project quietly grows beyond what the team originally agreed to do.
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Search
Search helps people find pages or items by entering words they are looking for.
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Segmented
A segmented control groups a few related choices side by side.
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Select
A select control lets someone choose an item from a list of options.
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Text Selection
Text selection marks words so someone can copy or change them.
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Semantic HTML
Semantic HTML uses elements that describe what each part of a web page is for.
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Semantic Versioning
Semantic versioning uses three numbers to describe different kinds of software updates.
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SEO
SEO is the work of making a website easier to find through search engines.
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Serif and Sans Serif
Serif and sans serif describe two common styles of letter shapes.
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Server Logs
Server logs are records of events and requests handled by a service.
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Serverless
Serverless lets a hosting provider manage the servers an app runs on.
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Session
A session is a period of activity grouped together, such as your visit to a website in one browser tab.
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shadcn/ui
shadcn/ui provides interface components that developers add and adapt in their projects.
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Shadow
A shadow makes an element look raised above the page behind it.
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Side Effect
A side effect is an extra change a program makes beyond returning a result.
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Sidebar Layout
A sidebar layout keeps a column of navigation beside the main content.
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Single-Instance Deployment
A single-instance deployment runs one copy of an app or service.
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Single-Page Layout
A single-page layout puts a site's main sections on one scrolling page.
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Skeleton Screen
A skeleton screen previews the shape of content while it loads.
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Skill
An AI skill is a reusable set of instructions for a particular kind of task.
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Skip Link
A skip link lets keyboard users jump past repeated navigation to the main content.
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Slider
A slider lets someone choose a value by moving a handle along a track.
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Smoke Test
A smoke test quickly checks that the most important parts still work.
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Social Proof
Social proof shows that other people have used or valued a product.
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Sort
Sorting arranges a group of items into a chosen order.
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Space
Space is the empty room between things on a page.
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Spinner
A spinner is a moving symbol that tells people the page is working.
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Split-Screen Layout
A split-screen layout divides the page into two side-by-side areas.
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Spring Animation
A spring animation imitates a flexible object settling after it moves.
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SQL
SQL is a language used to ask questions of and make changes to many databases.
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Stack Trace
A stack trace lists the steps a program was taking when an error occurred.
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Staging Environment
A staging environment is a test version of a service before it goes live.
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Stash
Git stash temporarily puts unfinished local changes aside.
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State
State is information about what a page or app is doing right now.
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Stateless Request
A stateless request is handled without automatically remembering earlier requests.
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Statistic
A statistic is a number shown to summarize an important fact.
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Steps Indicator
A steps indicator shows the stages in a task and where someone is now.
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Sticky Position
A sticky item scrolls normally, then stays in view near an edge.
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Streaming Response
A streaming response appears gradually as an AI produces it.
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Structured Output
Structured output asks an AI to return information in a predictable format.
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Apple HIG
Apple's Human Interface Guidelines are design guidance for Apple platforms.
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Art Deco
Art Deco is a decorative style known for geometric patterns and elegant ornament.
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Bauhaus
Bauhaus was a school and design movement that connected art, craft, and practical design.
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Bento Grid
A bento grid arranges content in a group of differently sized cards.
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Neo-Brutalism
Neo-brutalism is a bold visual style with strong outlines, simple shapes, and high contrast.
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DTC E-commerce
DTC e-commerce lets a brand sell through its own online store directly to customers.
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Dark UI
A dark UI uses dark backgrounds for the main parts of an interface.
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Editorial
Editorial design arranges text and images to make a story easy to follow.
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B2B Corporate Site
A B2B corporate site explains a company's products and services to other businesses.
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Flat Design
Flat design uses simple shapes and color without trying to imitate physical depth.
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Glassmorphism
Glassmorphism is a visual style that uses translucent, softly blurred panels.
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Material Design
Material Design is Google's system of guidance and components for digital interfaces.
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Memphis
Memphis design is a colorful, playful style linked to a design group founded in 1980.
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Minimalism
A minimalist interface keeps attention on the most important content and actions.
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Neumorphism
Neumorphism uses soft shadows to make controls seem raised from a surface.
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Notion Style
Notion style is an informal name for a calm, document-like workspace appearance.
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Organic Design
Organic design uses shapes and forms that feel inspired by nature.
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Playful Illustration
Playful illustration uses friendly, expressive pictures to make a product feel approachable.
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SaaS Marketing Site
A SaaS marketing site explains online software and helps visitors decide whether to try it.
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Skeuomorphism
Skeuomorphism makes digital controls resemble familiar physical objects.
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Swiss Style
Swiss Style is a graphic design approach known for clear grids and typography.
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Terminal Aesthetic
A terminal aesthetic makes a page look inspired by text-based computer terminals.
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Wabi-sabi
Wabi-sabi is an idea in Japanese aesthetics that values simplicity and natural imperfection.
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Y2K
Y2K design is a retro-futuristic look associated with the late 1990s and early 2000s.
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Sub-agent
A sub-agent is a helper agent given one smaller part of a larger task.
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Switch
A switch quickly turns a setting on or off.
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System Prompt
A system prompt gives an AI application its standing instructions.
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Table
A table arranges related information in rows and columns.
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Tabs
Tabs switch between related sections without leaving the page.
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Tag
A tag is a short label that marks what an item is about.
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Tailwind CSS
Tailwind CSS styles pages using small, reusable utility classes.
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Tech Stack
A tech stack is the set of technologies used to build and run a product.
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Technical Debt
Technical debt is the extra effort future changes may need because of a shortcut taken today.
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Temperature
Temperature is a setting that can affect how varied an AI's generated choices are.
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Terminal
A terminal is a place to type instructions for your computer.
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Test Case
A test case describes one situation and the result a test should check.
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Test Coverage
Test coverage shows which parts of a project are exercised by its tests.
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Test Double
A test double is a stand-in used when testing a part of a program.
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Test Fixture
A test fixture is the prepared data and setup a test needs to run.
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Text Truncation
Text truncation shortens text that does not fit in the available space.
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Textarea
A textarea is a box for typing a longer piece of text.
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Thread
A thread is one path of work running inside a program.
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Time Picker
A time picker helps someone choose a time of day.
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Timeline
A timeline shows events in the order they happened or will happen.
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Timeout
A timeout happens when a program stops waiting after a set amount of time.
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Title Tag
A title tag gives a webpage its name in the browser tab and often in search results.
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Toast
A toast is a brief message that appears and then goes away.
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Token Usage & Cost
Token usage counts the text an AI processes, and some services use it to calculate cost.
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Token
A token is a small piece of text an AI model reads or produces.
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Tool Calling
Tool calling lets an AI ask an app to run an approved action or get information.
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Tooltip
A tooltip is a small hint that appears near an item when you point to or focus on it.
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Top Navigation Layout
A top navigation layout places the main site links across the upper area.
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Transaction
A transaction groups related database steps so they can be handled together.
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Transition
A transition is a smooth change from one visual state to another.
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Tree Select
Tree Select combines a nested list with a way to choose an item.
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Tree
A tree is a nested list where items can contain smaller items.
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TypeScript
TypeScript adds checks that help catch some mistakes in JavaScript code.
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Typography
Typography is the way written words look and read on a page.
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Undo
Undo reverses a recent action so you can return to an earlier state.
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Unit Test
A unit test checks one small piece of a program by itself.
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Upload
Upload means sending a file from your device to a website or service.
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URL
A URL is the full address used to find a page or file online.
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Use Case
A use case describes how someone interacts with a product to reach a goal.
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User Flow
A user flow shows the steps and choices someone follows in a product.
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User Journey
A user journey shows the wider experience someone has while reaching a goal.
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User Story
A user story describes a need from the point of view of the person using a product.
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Customer Testimonial
A customer testimonial is a person's account of their experience with a product.
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Vibe Coding
Vibe coding means describing what you want and using AI to help write the code.
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Video
A video is a moving picture, often with sound, shown on a page.
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Visual Hierarchy
Visual hierarchy guides the eye toward the most important parts of a page first.
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Vue
Vue is a tool for building web interfaces from reusable pieces.
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Web App Manifest
A web app manifest gives a browser details about how a website should appear when installed like an app.
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Web Hosting
Web hosting stores a website and serves it to visitors over the internet.
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Webhook
A webhook is an automatic message one service sends to another when a chosen event happens.
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WebSocket
WebSocket keeps a two-way connection open so a browser and server can exchange updates promptly.
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Wireframe
A wireframe is a simple plan showing where parts of a page will go.
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Worktree
A Git worktree lets you work with another branch in a separate folder.
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XML Sitemap
An XML sitemap is a file that lists pages a website wants search engines to know about.
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Z-index
Z-index decides which overlapping item appears in front.
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Context Window
A context window is how much information an AI can consider at one time.
Read the definitionKeep Your Mac Awake While a Coding Agent Works—and Let It Sleep When the Task Ends
A long coding task can stop when your Mac sleeps. Learn how to keep the computer awake with Codoop Island, choose whether the screen stays on, and turn sleep prevention off when you are done.
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